Joint Replacement
Joint replacement surgery involves replacing a destroyed joint with an artificial joint. In the case of a joint replacement, the new joint is most commonly composed of silicone rubber, metal or the patient's own tissues, such as a portion of tendon. Joint replacement surgery, also known as arthroplasty, is very common.

Hallux Valgus Repair
Hallux valgus is a deformity of the big toe, whereby the joint at the base of the toe projects outwards and the top of the toe turns inwards. The condition is more common in women and is associated with high heels. However, it can also be caused by an inherited joint weakness. It often leads to a bunion or to osteoarthritis. Treatment is not normally required, unless the condition causes pain or limits foot movement. In this case, an osteotomy may be performed.

Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis
Arthroplasty restores motion to a joint and function to the muscles, ligaments and other soft tissue structures that control the joint. It usually involves a prosthetic device. Arthrodesis is designed to produce bony ankylosis of a diseased joint. It is often a solution for infections, tumors, trauma and arthritis. The bony surfaces are held together by internal or external fixation and are sometimes grafted with extra bone.

Tendo Achilles Lengthening and Repair
The onset of an Achilles tendon rupture may be due to trauma or tendonitis. In cases of chronic Achilles tendonitis, the tendon may swell during the healing process. Lengthening the tendon is a procedure that can be done to offset the shortened Achilles tendon. Surgical repair of the Achilles tendon occurs after the tendon is ruptured.

Hammertoe Correction
A hammertoe correction is a surgical procedure to correct a foot deformity called a hammertoe. This deformity occurs when there is a shortening of the tendon that controls toe movement, causing the middle joint of the toe to be bent upward and the distal joint downward. The misshapen toe resembles a hammer. Hammertoe probably results from wearing shoes that do not fit properly, especially high-heeled shoes that place pressure on the front part of the foot and compress the smaller toes together tightly. Reasons for surgery include relief of painful calluses and prevention of permanent deformity.

Osteotomy
Osteotomy is a procedure in which a wedge of bone is removed from a damaged joint. Weight is shifted from an area where there is damaged cartilage to an area where there is more or healthier cartilage.

Bone Grafting
Bone grafting is the process of augmenting a bone-deficient site or area needing additional bone. Bone can be obtained from the patients’ own body (called autograft) or from a donor source (called allograft). Allograft is available from many sources, including another human donor, coral, growth factors and commercially made. This bone will serve three functions for the body: osteoconduction (to form the building structure), osteoinduction (serves as the growth factor, and osteogenesis (stimulates the cells to form bone).